Which type of sedimentary rock is formed from minerals that crystallize in a solution?

Chemical sedimentary rocks are formed from the precipitation of minerals out of solution. This process typically occurs when water, which contains dissolved minerals, evaporates or changes in conditions such as temperature or pressure, leading to the crystallization of these minerals. Common examples of chemical sedimentary rocks include limestone (which can form from calcium carbonate) and rock salt (formed from halite).

The other types of rocks listed do not specifically result from minerals crystallizing from a solution. Clastic sedimentary rocks are created from the accumulation of fragments of other rocks, whereas organic sedimentary rocks form from the accumulation of plant or animal debris. Metamorphic rocks, on the other hand, are produced from the transformation of existing rocks under heat, pressure, or chemically active fluids, without a direct origin from crystallization in a solution. Thus, B is the only correct answer as it directly describes the mechanism by which chemical sedimentary rocks form.