Which part of the neuron is involved in signal reception?

The part of the neuron that is involved in signal reception is the dendrites. Dendrites are branching extensions from the neuron that receive chemical signals from other neurons. These signals are transmitted across synapses, and the dendrites contain receptors that bind to neurotransmitters, leading to changes in the neuron's membrane potential. This process allows the neuron to integrate signals from multiple sources before transmitting an electrical signal down the axon to communicate with other neurons.

The other structures mentioned—axon, Node of Ranvier, and myelin sheath—play different roles in the overall functioning of a neuron. The axon is primarily responsible for transmitting the electrical signal away from the cell body. The Nodes of Ranvier are gaps in the myelin sheath that facilitate the rapid propagation of action potentials along the axon. The myelin sheath serves as an insulating layer that increases the speed of signal transmission. While all these components contribute to the functioning of a neuron, it is specifically the dendrites that handle the initial reception of incoming signals.