Which of the following best describes the relationship in an ecosystem?

The selection of the option that states both organisms and their environment interact is grounded in the foundational principles of ecology. Ecosystems consist of living organisms, which include plants, animals, fungi, and microorganisms, interacting not only with each other but also with their surrounding physical environment, which includes elements such as soil, water, climate, and atmosphere.

In an ecosystem, the relationships among organisms are influenced by environmental factors, and likewise, the organisms can also influence their environment. For example, plants provide oxygen and food for animals, while animals can contribute to soil nutrient cycling through their waste. Furthermore, abiotic factors such as temperature and rainfall directly impact the survival, growth, and reproduction of species, leading to a complex web of interdependencies. This interactivity is crucial for maintaining the balance and health of ecosystems.

Recognizing that both biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living) components are integral to the functioning of ecosystems underscores the interconnectedness that characterizes ecological relationships. This concept is pivotal in understanding ecosystem dynamics, conservation efforts, and the impacts of environmental changes on biodiversity.