Which of the following assessments is used to evaluate student performance over time?

The correct choice for assessing student performance over time is performance assessment. This type of assessment involves tasks that require students to demonstrate their knowledge and skills in real-world scenarios. Performance assessments are designed to evaluate students not just on a single instance, but over an extended period, allowing teachers to observe growth, understanding, and application of concepts. They can include presentations, projects, and portfolios, enabling a comprehensive view of a student's capabilities and development throughout a course or unit.

In contrast, summative assessments typically focus on measuring what students have learned at the end of an instructional period, which is more about a snapshot in time rather than ongoing progress. Informal assessments are often unstructured and might provide immediate feedback but lack the systematic approach needed to track performance over time. Formative assessments are designed to provide ongoing feedback during the learning process, helping to inform instruction, but they might not provide the comprehensive evaluation that performance assessments do when considering student progress over an extended timeframe.