Which method is used to separate two components of a mixture by utilizing both condensation and evaporation?

The method that effectively separates two components of a mixture through the processes of condensation and evaporation is distillation. This technique relies on the differing boiling points of the substances involved. During distillation, a mixture is heated to a temperature where one component vaporizes, transitioning from a liquid to a gas. This vapor is then cooled in a condenser, where it undergoes condensation back into a liquid form. The separated liquid can then be collected, allowing for the efficient separation of components based on their unique physical properties.

Distillation is particularly useful for purifying liquids or separating liquid mixtures, such as separating alcohol from water. This method harnesses the principle that different substances will evaporate at different rates, thus facilitating the separation process. In contrast, the other methods listed serve different purposes, such as filtering solid particles from liquids in filtration, separating components based on their movement through a medium in chromatography, and pouring off liquid from settled solids in decantation. Each of these methods has its own applications but does not involve both evaporation and condensation for separation like distillation does.