What type of ion is categorized as a cation?

A cation is defined as a positively charged ion, which means it has lost one or more electrons. This loss of electrons results in a net positive charge because protons (which have a positive charge) outnumber the remaining electrons (which have a negative charge). Cations play significant roles in various chemical reactions and are essential in many biological processes, such as nerve transmission and muscle contraction.

In contrast, negatively charged ions, also known as anions, have gained electrons, resulting in a net negative charge. Neutral ions, on the other hand, have an equal number of protons and electrons, resulting in no overall charge. The option that includes all ions is too broad since it encompasses both cations and anions, but the specific term "cation" refers exclusively to ions with a positive charge.