What is the process called when a solution of known concentration is used to determine the concentration of another solution?

The process of using a solution of known concentration to determine the concentration of another solution is known as titration. During titration, a solution with a known concentration, referred to as the titrant, is gradually added to a solution of unknown concentration until a chemical reaction reaches completion, often indicated by a change in color or pH. The volume of titrant used is then measured and allows for the calculation of the unknown concentration based on stoichiometric relationships from the balanced chemical equation of the reaction.

In this context, other processes do not serve the same purpose. Filtration is a separation technique to remove solids from liquids; evaporation involves the conversion of liquid into vapor; and precipitation refers to the formation of a solid from a solution, which does not provide quantitative information about the concentration of a solution. Each of these processes has different applications in science, highlighting the specific role that titration plays in concentration analysis.