What is the process called when organisms of different species compete for similar resources in an ecosystem?

The process wherein organisms of different species compete for similar resources in an ecosystem is referred to as interspecific competition. This type of competition occurs when individuals of different species vie for the same limited resources, such as food, water, light, or habitat space. Interspecific competition plays a significant role in shaping community structure and dynamics, as it can influence both the population sizes of competing species and their evolutionary adaptations over time.

For instance, when two species have overlapping niches, they may compete for the same prey or similar environmental conditions. This competition can lead to changes such as resource partitioning, where species evolve different strategies or behaviors to minimize competition, or even the exclusion of one species from a particular niche altogether.

The other processes, such as cooperation, intraspecific competition, and mutualism, refer to different interactions that do not focus on competition between different species. Cooperation involves individuals working together for mutual benefit, intraspecific competition refers specifically to competition among individuals of the same species, and mutualism describes a symbiotic relationship where both species benefit.