What is the primary function of the Golgi apparatus in a cell?

The primary function of the Golgi apparatus in a cell is modification and storage of proteins. This organelle plays a crucial role in the processing of proteins that have been synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum. After proteins are made, they undergo various modifications within the Golgi apparatus, such as glycosylation, where carbohydrates are added to the proteins, which can affect their function and destination.

Additionally, the Golgi apparatus sorts and packages these modified proteins into vesicles for transportation to their respective destinations, either within the cell or for secretion outside the cell. This packaging ensures that proteins reach the correct location where they can perform their designated functions.

In contrast, the production of ATP is a role primarily associated with mitochondria, while lipid synthesis is typically handled by smooth endoplasmic reticulum. The transport of genetic material involves processes like DNA replication and transcription, which are managed by other components of the cell, such as the nucleus. Thus, the option highlighting the Golgi apparatus's role in modifying and storing proteins accurately reflects its fundamental function within cellular biology.