What is the primary function of stomata?

Stomata play a crucial role in gas exchange and water regulation in plants. They are tiny openings found primarily on the surfaces of leaves, and their primary function is to control the movement of water vapor and gases, such as carbon dioxide and oxygen, in and out of the plant.

When stomata open, they allow carbon dioxide to enter, which is essential for photosynthesis, and enable oxygen and water vapor to exit. This regulation is vital for maintaining the plant's water balance and facilitating the photosynthetic process, as too much water loss can lead to wilting and stress.

The other options relate to functions that are not directly associated with stomata. While stomata indirectly assist in photosynthesis by allowing carbon dioxide to enter, their main purpose is focused on managing the exchange of gasses and water. Absorbing nutrients from the soil is a function of roots, and protection from herbivores involves different structural adaptations, not the stomata.