What is the function of dendrites in a neuron?

Dendrites are specialized extensions of a neuron that play a crucial role in the nervous system by receiving signals from other neurons. They are covered with synapses—structures where the transmission of signals from one neuron to another occurs. When neurotransmitters are released from the terminal buttons of adjacent neurons, they bind to receptor sites on the dendrites, allowing the neuron to receive information about the activity of other neurons. This is essential for the communication within the nervous system, as it facilitates the integration of signals that can influence whether a neuron will generate an impulse and ultimately relay information to other neurons.

In contrast, the other functions mentioned are associated with different components of the neuron. For instance, sending impulses away from the cell is primarily the role of the axon. The generation of new neurons occurs through a process known as neurogenesis, which is not a function of dendrites but rather relates to stem cell activity in the nervous system. Similarly, the storage of neurotransmitters is handled by vesicles in the axon terminals, not by dendrites. Understanding the specific roles of each part of a neuron helps clarify how nervous system communication is structured and functions effectively.