What is the definition of inference?

Inference is defined as a conclusion drawn from presented details by interpreting the information given. This process involves using evidence or observations to reach logical conclusions that may not be directly stated. Inference plays a critical role in scientific reasoning, allowing individuals to make predictions, form hypotheses, and develop theories based on existing data and experiences.

In the context of scientific inquiry, when researchers analyze data or observe phenomena, they often need to make inferences to understand what the evidence implies or to predict future outcomes. For example, if certain conditions lead to specific results in an experiment, scientists might infer relationships or causal connections that help explain the underlying principles at play.

Other options describe different aspects of scientific methodology but do not accurately define inference. For instance, a testing method for hypotheses deals with the experimental procedures used to validate or invalidate a hypothesis, while collecting data involves gathering observations and measurements. A systematic investigation of a phenomenon refers more to the structured approach taken to study a topic or question rather than the process of drawing conclusions from that study.