What is the correct order of atmospheric layers from closest to the Earth's surface to furthest?

The correct order of atmospheric layers from closest to the Earth's surface to furthest is indeed Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere, and Exosphere.

In this structure, the Troposphere is the layer where we live and where weather phenomena occur; it extends up to about 8 to 15 kilometers above the Earth's surface, depending on latitude. Above the Troposphere is the Stratosphere, which contains the ozone layer that absorbs and scatters ultraviolet solar radiation. This layer extends from about 15 kilometers to about 50 kilometers above the Earth's surface.

Next is the Mesosphere, which reaches from about 50 kilometers to about 85 kilometers, where temperatures begin to decrease with altitude again. Following the Mesosphere is the Thermosphere, which can extend from about 85 kilometers to 600 kilometers and is characterized by a dramatic increase in temperature due to absorption of highly energetic solar radiation. Finally, the Exosphere is the outermost layer, extending from around 600 kilometers to the edge of space, where the atmosphere gradually fades into outer space.

This hierarchical structure illustrates how each layer is defined by specific characteristics related to temperature, composition, and the presence of various phenomena, making this answer accurate and systematic.