What is formed by the process of subduction?

Subduction is a geological process that occurs at convergent plate boundaries, where one tectonic plate is forced beneath another. This process is responsible for the formation of both mountain ranges and oceanic trenches.

When an oceanic plate subducts beneath a continental plate, it can lead to the formation of deep oceanic trenches, which are the deepest parts of the ocean. The descending plate melts and creates magma that can rise to form volcanic arcs, often resulting in mountain ranges. Conversely, when two continental plates collide, they push up against each other, creating large mountain ranges like the Himalayas.

This dual process highlights the dynamic nature of Earth's lithosphere, showing how subduction can lead to the creation of significant geological features both at sea and on land.