What is carbonization in the context of fossilization?

Carbonization is a specific type of fossilization that occurs when organic material is subjected to heat and pressure over time, typically in an anaerobic environment. During this process, most of the volatile components (such as water and gases) of the organic matter are driven off, leaving behind a concentrated residue composed primarily of carbon. This results in the formation of a thin, carbon-rich film that outlines the original shape of the organism.

The carbon film produced through carbonization can provide valuable information about the organism's structure and can sometimes even allow for the preservation of fine details, such as textures and patterns found on leaves or the outlines of soft-bodied organisms. This method of fossilization is particularly important for understanding the biology and ecology of ancient life forms.