What information does a molecular formula provide?

A molecular formula provides crucial information about the types and numbers of atoms present in a molecule. Specifically, it details which elements are included in the substance and how many of each type of atom exist in a single molecule. For example, the molecular formula H2O indicates that there are two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom in each water molecule, thereby giving a clear depiction of the molecule's composition.

While other aspects are covered by different notation or types of formulas, such as structural formulas for arrangements or empirical formulas for ratios, a molecular formula focuses specifically on the identity and quantity of each atom type. Understanding this allows students to grasp the basic chemical makeup of compounds, which is essential for further studies in chemistry, including reactions and properties of substances.