What does the concept of uniformitarianism refer to in geology?

The concept of uniformitarianism is foundational in geology and refers to the idea that the same geological processes that are observed in operation today have occurred in a similar manner throughout Earth's history. This principle, often summarized by the phrase "the present is the key to the past," suggests that observable processes such as erosion, sedimentation, and volcanic activity have operated consistently over time. Therefore, by studying current geological processes, scientists can make inferences about the Earth's past formations and changes. This concept emphasizes gradual changes rather than sudden, catastrophic events, allowing for a better understanding of geological time scales and the development of Earth's features.

The idea promotes the understanding that geological features are shaped by ongoing processes, leading to a more comprehensive interpretation of the Earth's history and the dynamics involved in the formation of its landscape.