What describes communalism in ecological terms?

Communalism in ecological terms refers to a relationship where one species benefits while the other is neither helped nor harmed. This type of interaction is significant in ecosystems as it can influence species diversity and population dynamics.

A clear example of communalism can be observed in the relationship between barnacles and whales. Barnacles attach themselves to the skin of whales. The barnacles benefit by gaining access to nutrient-rich waters as the whale moves through the ocean, which helps them feed. Conversely, the whale is largely unaffected by the presence of barnacles, neither gaining any benefit nor experiencing any harm from their attachment. This highlights how communalism plays a role in ecological relationships without imposing negative or positive impacts on all involved parties.