What characterizes prokaryotic cells?

Prokaryotic cells are characterized by the absence of a membrane-bound nucleus and organelles, which distinguishes them from eukaryotic cells. In prokaryotes, genetic material is found in a region called the nucleoid, but it is not enclosed by a membrane. This fundamental structural feature underpins many other characteristics of prokaryotic cells, such as their generally smaller size and simpler organization compared to eukaryotic cells.

While prokaryotic cells can reproduce through binary fission, which is a form of asexual reproduction, this process does not define their cellular characteristics. The presence of lysosomes is typically associated with eukaryotic cells, and the existence of a membrane-bound nucleus is a hallmark of eukaryotes, making these options less applicable to prokaryotic cell characterization. Therefore, the defining feature of prokaryotic cells is indeed the lack of a membrane-bound nucleus or organelles.