According to the Hardy-Weinberg Law, what must NOT occur for allele frequencies to remain constant?

The Hardy-Weinberg Law describes a principle in population genetics that states that allele frequencies in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next in the absence of evolutionary influences. For these frequencies to remain unchanged over time, several key conditions must be met.

One of the primary conditions is the requirement of a sufficiently large population, which helps to minimize the impact of random genetic drift. In a small population, allele frequencies can fluctuate unpredictably due to chance events, which can lead to a change in the genetic makeup of the population over generations.

Furthermore, the law assumes that there is random mating within the population. If mating is non-random, for instance, if individuals preferentially mate with certain traits, this can lead to shifts in allele frequencies, such as through assortative mating.

Migration, or gene flow, is another factor that can affect allele frequencies. When individuals move into or out of a population, they can introduce new alleles or remove existing ones, thereby changing the genetic composition of the population.

Therefore, for the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium to hold true, it is crucial that none of these factors—small population size, non-random mating, or migration—are present. Hence, all these conditions must not