According to Snell's Law, what equation defines the relationship between the angle of incidence and refraction?

The relationship defined by Snell's Law is represented by the equation that states the product of the refractive index of the first medium and the sine of the angle of incidence is equal to the product of the refractive index of the second medium and the sine of the angle of refraction. This is mathematically expressed as n1 sin(θ1) = n2 sin(θ2), where n1 and n2 are the refractive indices of the two media, and θ1 and θ2 are the angles of incidence and refraction, respectively.

This equation illustrates how light bends when it passes from one medium to another, such as from air into water, which is a fundamental principle in optics. It allows for the calculation of the angle of refraction when the angle of incidence and the refractive indices are known.

The other options provided do not accurately represent Snell's Law or its application in ray optics. For instance, they either attempt to relate cosine functions or do not maintain the proportional relationship required between the angles and the indices of refraction, which is crucial in understanding how light interacts with different materials.